indus valley civilization map upsc

Remains of horse at Surkotda and dogs with men in graves in Ropar have been discovered. More than 100 sites belonging to this civilization have been excavated. It succeeded amid 2700 BC and 1900 BC (Mature Indus Valley Civilization). Many trees (pepal), animals (bull), birds (dove, pigeon) and stones were worshipped. Let’s quickly overview the following pointers: 1. Indus Valley Civilization: characteristics and significance, art and architecture- Part I. The development patterns, social, cultures and economy of this civilization prove that the Indus Civilization was an urban civilization . The Indus civilization stands tall amongst other civilizations of the ancient world such as Mesopotamian, Egyptian and Babylonian. Indus Valley Civilization, a lso known as Harappan Civilization, was the first major civilization in south Asia, which spread across a vast area of land in present day India and Pakistan. A ship designed on a seal, a terracotta ship and a painting on a jar resembling the story of the ‘cunning fox’ and the ‘thirsty crow’ narrated in Panchatantra. Dead bodies were placed in the north-south orientation. This civilization flourished in the river basins of the Indus and the Ghaggar-Hakra River. The Indus Valley Civilization History, Location, Map, Art, & Facts … The Indus Valley Civilisation Introduction . It gives the impression of a pre-Harappan fortified settlement. However no temple has been found though idolatry was practiced. The city was divided into six sections. Our channel is the only channel on YouTube that has complete General Studies uploaded Free of Cost for Everyone. Rather, they came back to the original site whenever the water table receded. Later excavations at Kalibangan made the following specific discoveries: The evidences of two types of burials are also found: Kot-Diji is known more as a pre-Harappan site. The Citadel comprised of public buildings whereas the lower part comprised of public dwellings. 2. Represented on the seal is a figure with three horned heads in a yogic posture, surrounded by an elephant, a tiger, a rhinoceros and below his throne is a buffalo. It is also known as the ‘Mound of the dead’; it lies in Larkana district of Sind (Pakistan). Lothal was an important trade centre of the Harap- pan culture. Each platform was separated by a road with width ranging from 12 feet to 20 feet. Evidence of double burial (burying a male and    a female in a single grave) found in three graves whereas in Kalibangan one such grave has been found and evidence of games similar to modern day chess and An instrument for measuring 180, 90, 45 degree angles (the instrument points to modern day compass). Bones of a camel, the skull of a child found suffering from hydrocephalus and a tiled floor which bears intersecting designs of circles. Ropar is a Harappan site from where remains of pre-Harappan and Harappan cultures have been found, Buildings at Ropar were made mainly of stone and soil. Scholars believe that the largest Harappan city i.e. The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization spreading from today’s North-East Afghanistan to Pakistan and North-West India. Working floors, consisting of rows of circular brick platforms lay to the south of granaries and were meant for threshing grain and evidence of coffin burial and cemetery ‘H’ culture. Steps led from either end to the surface, with changing rooms alongside. The Harappan People. Lamp posts at intervals indicate the existence of street lighting. Jan 07,2021 - Test: Indus Valley Civilization (UPSC Level) | 20 Questions MCQ Test has questions of UPSC preparation. The Harappan culture belongs to the Bronze Age and bronze was made by mixing tin and copper. Download Indus Valley Civilization of India Study Material PDF. This flourished between 2700 BC and 1900 BC (Civilization of the Mature Indus Valley). Raw materials for these came from different sources: gold from north Karnataka, silver and Lapis Lazuli from Afghanistan and Iran, copper from Khetri and Baluchistan, etc. 4.Consider the following statements regarding the Indus Valley Civilization: I.It was at Harappa that the relics of this civilization were first noticed, it is also known as the Harappan civilization. Praveen Kumar Pandey. Good Morning Friends, We are Posting Today’s Prelims Marathon . The long term indigenous evolution of this civilization which obviously began on the periphery of the Indus Valley in the hills of eastern Baluchistan and then extended so far into the plains, can be documented by an analysis of four sites which have been excavated in recent years: Mehargarh, Amri, Kalibangan and Lothal which reflect the sequence of the four important phases or stages in pre and proto history in the north-west region of the Indian sub-continent. Women wore heavy bangles in profusion, large necklaces, ear-rings, bracelets, figure-rings, girdles, nose-studs and anklets. It extended from Manda in Jammu in the north to Daimabad in the south and from Alamgirpur in western U.P. 68. Also known as the Harappan civilization, it dates back to 2500 years ago. The main streets and roads were set in a line, sometimes running straight for a mile, and were varying in width from 4 meters to 10 meters. Ans. The Mesopotamian records from about 2350 B.C. Lamp posts at intervals indicate the existence of street lightening. A piece of woven cotton alongwith spindle whorls and needles. The time period of mature Indus Valley Civilization is estimated between BC. indus valley civilization notes for upsc The Indus Valley Civilisation (2300-1750 BC) August 31, 2020 April 14, 2020 by MapsIntro. Evidence of direct trade and interaction with Mesopotamia. The remains of Kot-Diji suggest that the city existed in the first half of the third millennium B.C. For making bronze, copper was obtained from Khetri in Rajasthan and from Baluchistan and tin from Afghanistan. It started to wane about 1900 BC and vanished around 1400 BC. The Indus Civilisation represents the first phase of urbanisation in India. Nor did they ever try to build strong embankments to protect themselves from floods. The invasion of the Aryans, recurrent floods (7 floods), social breakup of Harappans, Earthquakes, successive alteration in the course of the river Indus and the subsequent drying up of the areas in and around the major cities, etc. Ques3. For UPSC 2021 preparation, follow BYJU’S. Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) was a bronze-age civilization. The Study Portal has also published its Ebooks/ PDF on various aspects & dimensions of World, India and Rajasthan. Indus Valley Civilization UPSC. The outside walls had no windows. They were fully conscious of the various fashions of hair-dressing and wore beards of different styles. Single room barracks just below the walls of the citadels for the labourers and factory workers. Some remarkable findings at Chanhu-daro include bronze figures of bullock cart and ekkas, a small pot suggesting an inkwell, footprints of an elephant and a dog chasing a cat. Other discoveries include Bronze image of an ‘ekka’ (vehicle) and a seal with the representation of the sign of ‘swastika’ on it. The site intends to provide free study notes, knowledge or information related to IAS/RAS exams that can help to crack these Examinations. Through excavations, the evidence of bead maker’s shops has come to light; it was the only Harappan city without a citadel. The Indus Valley Civilization was set up in 3300 BC. Although no definite proof is available with regard to disposal of the dead, a broad view is that there were probably three methods of disposing the dead – complete burial (laid towards north), burial after exposure of the body to birds and beasts, and cremation followed by burial of the ashes. Indus Valley Civilization (Indian History) 66. A college, a multi-pillared assembly hall,  the. At Kalibangan and Lothal fire altars have been found. The civilization met sufficient skill to reap the advantages of the spacious and fertile Indus River valley. Complete Indus Valley Civilisation Part - 1 UPSC Notes | EduRev chapter (including extra questions, long questions, short questions, mcq) can be found on EduRev, you can check out UPSC lecture & lessons summary in the same course for UPSC Syllabus. The script has not been deciphered so far, but overlaps of letters show that it was written from right to left in the first line and left to right in the second line. Although the caves found here resemble those at other Harappan sites, other findings suggest that Alamgirpur developed during the late-Harappan culture. This is the earliest known urban culture of the Indian subcontinent. There are seven important cities in the Indus valley civilization: 3. Evidence of violent death of some of the inhabitants (discovery of human skeletons put together) and a seal representing Mother Goddess with a plant growing from her womb, and a woman to be sacrificed by a man with a knife in his hand. Aryans invaded and conquered the IVC. Harappan seals and other material have been found at Mesopotamia. This style is called ‘Boustrophedon’. The main streets and roads were set in a line, sometimes running straight for a mile, and were varying in width from 4 … Flanking the streets, lanes and by-lanes were well-planned houses. A spectacular feature of Amri is that it gives the impression of existence of transitional culture between pre and post Harappan culture. Elsewhere in the contemporary world mud bricks were used. Anuj Kumar. The Indus Valley Civilization covered parts of Sind, Baluchistan, Afganistan, West Punjab, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab and Maharashtra. A wooden furrow, seven fire altars in a row on a platform suggesting the practice of the cult of sacrifice and remains of a massive brick wall around both the citadel and the lower town (the second Harappan site after Lothal to have the lower town also walled. Superficial evidence of a horse or an ass and a pot-stone fragment of Mesopotamian origin. The primary purpose of the seal was probably to mark the ownership of property, but they may have also served as amulets. They were items of export. A human head with long oval eyes, thick lower lips, receding forehead and straight pointed nose. The red sandstone torso of a man is particularly impressive for its realism. (a) Houses of Indus Valley Civilization were one or two stories high, made of baked (Pucca) bricks, with flat roofs. The town planning in Lothal was different from that of Harappa and Mohenjodaro. It was enclosed by a thick (13 m in Harappa) crenellated mud brick wall. However the most impressive of the figurines is the bronze image of a dancing girl (identified as a devdassi) found at Mohenjodaro. The golden age of the civilization is estimated to fall between 2700 BC and 1900 BC, which we can also call as the mature Indus valley civilization (800 years). As per researchers, the downfall of this great civilization started around 1900 BC. Decline of the Indus Valley Civilization. Excavations at the site suggest that the city was destructed by force. Cotton fabrics were quite common and woolens were popular in winter. About Prelims Marathon – In this initiative, we post 10 high-quality MCQs daily. The dead were buried in the southern portion of the fortified area, called cemetery R-37. 4. Rigvedic Aryans knew gold, silver and copper whereas Indus Valley people knew only copper and iron. The word Kalibangan means ‘black bangles’. The inland transport was carried out by bullock carts. Rigvedic Aryans had domesticated the horse whereas there is no evidence of Indus Valley people having been aware of this animal. Written by: ForumIAS Posted on December 3rd, 2020 Last modified on December 16th, 2020 Comments Views : 3,779. selfstudyhistory.com . English Indus Valley Civilization Ancient History : Basics of Indus Valley Civilization. Over 1000 Indus Valley Civilization sites have been discovered. The discovery of cinerary urns and jars, goblets or vessels with ashes, bones or charcoal may however suggest that during the flourishing period of the Indus valley culture, the third method was generally practiced. Dayaram Sahni first discovered Harappa (on Ravi) in 1921. Download Indus Valley Civilization notes PDF. rishi upsc — October 2, 2019 add comment. Questions are based on the static part of the … It is situated in Kutch (Bhuj) district of Gujarat and excavated by J.P. Joshi in 1972; Surkotda was an important fortified Harappan settlement. The excavations of Sutkagendor have revealed a twofold division of the township: the Citadel and the Lower City, it is said that Sutkagendor was originally a port which later cut off from the sea due to coastal uplift. Current Events, Debates, MCQs. Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) is the beginning of the history of India. Bead making factories existed in Chanu daro and Lothal. A dockyard has been discovered at Lothal. EduRev is like a wikipedia just for education and the Indus Valley Civilisation Part - 1 UPSC Notes | EduRev images and diagram are … High quality barley has been found in excavations. The methodology of system of governance as well as the institutions is something that is least known to the present […] Otherwise, they used to take recourse to black magic, amulets etc. However it lacks the fortification plan of the pre-Harappan phase. There was no metallic money in circulation and trade was carried through Barter System. the script is there, but it cannot be deciphered and belongs to the Bronze Age. The people grew wheat, barley, rai, peas, sesamum, mustard, rice (in Lothal), cotton, dates, melon, etc. 10 lessons. This is also known as Harappan Civilization after the first city to be excavated, which is Harappa (Punjab, Pakistan). There was no exchange of foodgrains/export or import. In Mohenjodaro, a big public bath (Great Bath) measuring 12 m by 7 m and 2.4 m deep has been found. There is also an evidence of burying a dog below the human burial (Though the practice was prevalent in Burzahom in Kashmir, it was late in the Harappan context. For their children, the Harappans made cattle-toys with moveable heads, model monkeys which could slide down a string, little toy carts and whistles shaped like birds all of terracotta. The people of this culture were not acquainted with iron at all. Though lot of buildings and bricks were found, no brick kilns have been found so far. and were generally cubical in shape. Tools were mostly made of copper and bronze. In Harappa, there is one place where evidence of coffin burial is there. 2. Introduction . Near his feet are two deer. The towns were divided into two parts: Upper part or Citadel and the Lower part. Food grains were stored in granaries. Kalibangan was an important Harappan city. It’s not easy to connect the archaeological finds with their respective Harappan cities. 5 lessons. R.D. The Indus civilization apparently evolved from the villages of neighbours or predecessors, using the Mesopotamian model of irrigated agriculture. The site is remarkable for providing the impression of cloth on a trough. Hindi Indus Valley Civilization UPSC CSE: सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता . The Indus Valley people were primarily urban people. One theory claims that the Indo-European tribe i.e. The civilization dates back to around 3300 BC. Indus Valley Civilization Ancient India History Notes for APSC, UPSC & other Exams. The Harappan culture lasted for around 1000 years. It covered parts of Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, Gujarat, Rajasthan and some parts of Western U.P. Clay pipes led from the bathrooms to sewers located under the streets. Houses were often of two or more storey, of varying sizes but were quite monotonous – a square courtyard around which were a number of rooms. Most of these roads and … The streets were quite broad varying from 9 feet to 34 feet in breadth. Almost 36% of the total seals excavated in the Indus Civilization are excavated from Harappa alone. Topic – Indus Valley Civilization – 100 Must-Know Facts– UPSC GS-I Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) is one of the four great civilizations of the world. Ornaments were worn by both men and women, rich or poor. One male figure or a statue shows that generally two garments were worn and the female dress was more or less like that of a male. Some of the specific findings during the excavations of Mohen- jodaro include: The famous Harappan site is considered the eastern boundary of the Indus culture. The Indus people sowed seeds in the flood plains in November, when the flood water receded, and reaped their harvests of wheat and barley in April, before the advent of the next flood which indicated agriculture and knowledge of calendar reading. Read more about Indus Valley Civilization, town planning in IVC and other IVC facts for IAS Exam. In this article, we have discussed some of the important points of Indus Valley Civilization for the UPSC exam. Discovery of a red sandstone male torso and Stone symbols of female genitals. Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Excavations at Lothal led to some specific discoveries which include: Remains of rice husk (the only other Harappan city where the rice husk has been found is Rangpur near Ahmedabad), an artificial dock yard and evidence of a horse from a doubtful terracotta figurine and impressions of cloth on some of the seals, Evidence of direct trade contact with Mesopotamia and houses with entrances on the main street (the houses of all other Harappan cities had side entries). Burnt bricks of good quality were used for building material except in Rangpur and Kalibangan. No pottery-kiln was allowed to be built within the four walls of the city. The weights were made of limestone, steatite, etc. In 1920s, the Archaeological Department of India carried out excavations in the Indus valley wherein the ruins of the two old cities, viz. The Indus Valley Pottery was red or black pottery and the people indulged in dice games, their favorite pastime being gambling. While the civilisation was in its peak, several cultures, namely, Mesolithic and Neolithic cultures prevailed in other parts of India. It is especially noteworthy that almost every house had its own wells, bathrooms, courtyards, drains and kitchens. There were special series constructed for the travelers and a system of watch and word at night also existed. Known as Harappan Civilisation, it existed between 3300 BC to 1900 BC. Sutkagendor and Sutkakoh functioned as outlets. Harappan civilization [since Harappa was the first place to be discovered] or Indus valley civilization [it is located on the banks of Indus River] is 5000 year old civilization. 80% of the settlements were on the banks of the now lost Saraswati River. The sequence begins with the transition of nomadic herdsmen to settled agriculturists in eastern Baluchistan (First Phase), continues with the growth of large villages and the rise of towns in the Indus Valley (Second Phase), and leads to the emergence of the great cities (Third Phase) and finally ends with their decline (Fourth Phase). Though Phase II belonged to the Harappan period, chess board or grid pattern of town planning was not always followed as in other Harappan sites, the roads were not always straight nor did they cut at right angles and it is also lacked another important feature of the Harappan civilization – a systematic drainage system. Example- In Harappa and Mohenjodaro. Hindi Indus Valley Civilization (Hindi) Ancient History of India : UPSC CSE. Around 3300 BC has established the civilization of the Indus Valley. It flourished in 2500 BC. for 800 years. The Indus people were the first to produce cotton in the world. ENROLL. Banerjee discovered Mohenjodaro or ‘Mound of the Dead’ (on Indus) in 1922. R.B. Myupsc.com is dedicated to preparation of Indian Administrative Services (UPSC) and Rajasthan Administrative Services (RPSC). Perhaps they were more concerned with commerce and they were possibly ruled by a class of merchants. The script is not alphabetical but pictographic (about 600 undeciphered pictographs). Maximum number of seals discovered is made of steatite with the unicorn symbol being discovered on the maximum number of seals. The phallus (lingam) and yoni worship was also prevalent. The Indus Valley civilization was an ancient civilization thriving along the Indus River and the Ghaggar-Hakra River in what is now Pakistan and north-western India. Mohenjodaro and Harappawere unearthed. Rangpur, Somnath and Balakot functioned as seaports. The Indus Valley Civilization, 3300-1300 BCE, is also called Indus valley civilization or Harappan Civilisation. On the … Read more The Indus Valley Civilisation (2300-1750 BC), The Indus Valley Civilisation (2300-1750 BC), indus valley civilization notes for ncert, The List of All World Heritage Sites in India, What is Preamble to the Constitution of India, Making of Indian Constitution From Scratch, The History Behind Making Indian Constitution, List of 21 Major Water Straits in The World, List of All National Parks in India with Map, Important Research Institutes in India With Map. It has been identified with Hari-Yupiya which is mentioned in the Rigveda. The Indus Valley Civilization was an ancient civilization located in what is Pakistan and northwest India, on the fertile flood plain of the Indus River and its vicinity; Two cities, in particular, have been excavated at the sites of Mohenjo-Daro on the lower Indus, and at Harappa, further upstream. The excavations at Chanhu-daro have revealed three different cultural layers from lowest to the top being Indus culture, and the pre-Harappan Jhukar culture and the Jhangar culture, The site is especially important for providing evidences about different Harappan factories and these factories produced seals, toys and bone implements. Sir John Marshal played a crucial role in both these. The important findings at the site include pottery, ornaments, copper axes, chert blades, terracotta blades, one inscribed steatite seal with typical Indus pictographs, several burials interred in oval pits and a rectangular mud brick chamber. The Indus Valley Civilisation is one of the oldest civilizations of the world. Dr. J.P. Joshi and Dr. R.S. Prev Next. The Indus Valley Civilisation (2300-1750 BC) April 14, 2020 by MapsIntro Town Planning: The excavations of the ruins showed a remarkable skill in town planning. Bisht were involved in it. Among other names for this civilization is the Harappan civilization in reference to the first excavated city of Harappa. Town Planning: The excavations of the ruins showed a remarkable skill in town planning. IAS Mains Online Test: UPSC... 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